Full Notes
Comprehensive theory with diagrams, tables, and definitions for every sub-topic.
Worked Examples
Step-by-step solutions covering all calculation and reaction types.
Interactive Quizzes
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Unit Tests
50-mark structured tests with model answers for exam practice.
Structure of an Atom & Mass Spectrum
Subatomic particles, atomic number, isotopes, relative atomic mass, the mass spectrometer, and mass spectra interpretation.
AvailableElectronic Configuration of Atoms & Ions
Bohr's model, hydrogen spectrum, spectral series, orbitals, quantum numbers, electron configurations, and ionisation energy.
AvailableIonic & Metallic Bonds
Why atoms bond, ionic bond formation, giant ionic lattice, lattice energy, metallic bonding, and physical properties of metals.
AvailableCovalent Bond & Molecular Structure
Orbital overlap, VBT, dative bonds, VSEPR, hybridisation, polar bonds, simple vs giant covalent structures, and intermolecular forces.
AvailableVariation in Trends of Physical Properties
History of the periodic table, Mendeleev vs modern, blocks (s,p,d,f), and trends in atomic radius, IE, electronegativity, melting point.
AvailableGroup 1 Elements & Their Compounds
Alkali metals: occurrence, reactions with O₂/H₂O/halogens, oxides, hydroxides, thermal decomposition, solubility, flame tests, and hydrogen.
AvailableGroup 2 Elements & Their Compounds
Alkaline earth metals: reactivity, carbonates, hydroxides, sulfates, anomalous beryllium, identification of Ba²⁺, and uses.
AvailableGroup 13 Elements & Their Compounds
Aluminium chemistry, reactions with alkalis, amphoteric oxides/hydroxides, anomalous boron, identification of Al³⁺, inert pair effect.
AvailableGroup 14 Elements & Their Compounds
Carbon allotropes, silicon, oxides/chlorides trends, thermal stability, +2 vs +4 oxidation states, diagonal relationship.
AvailableGroup 15 Elements & Their Compounds
Nitrogen inertness, ammonia, nitric acid, phosphorus and its compounds, phosphoric acid, and trends in properties.
AvailableGroup 16 Elements & Their Compounds
Oxygen and sulfur chemistry, acidity/volatility of hydrides, sulfuric acid manufacture, oxoanions, identification of SO²⁻/SO²⁻.
AvailableGroup 17 Elements & Their Compounds
Halogens: preparation, physical/chemical trends, hydrogen halides, halates/perhalates, and uses of halogens.
AvailableGroup 18 Elements & Noble Gases
Occurrence, physical properties, reactivity and inertness of noble gases, and their industrial and scientific uses.
AvailablePeriod 3 Elements & Their Compounds
Physical and chemical properties across Period 3, trends in oxides and chlorides, and periodic law applied to Period 3.
AvailableFactors Affecting Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium, Le Châtelier's principle, and factors affecting equilibrium position.
AvailableAcids and Bases
Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid-base theories, pH, strong vs weak acids and bases, and neutralisation.
AvailableReduction and Oxidation Reactions
Electrochemistry, oxidation numbers, balancing redox equations, the reactivity series, and electrolytic cells.
AvailableEnergy Changes & Energy Profile Diagrams
Internal energy, first law of thermodynamics, standard enthalpy changes, exothermic/endothermic reactions, and energy profiles.
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